Genetic control of in vitro regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis

Com o objetivo de avaliar o controle genético da regeneração direta in vitro a partir de plântulas de Eucalyptus grandis, foram utilizadas sementes de 10 progênies de polinização aberta da população base, origem Atherton, localizada em Anhembi, Estado de São Paulo. Vinte dias de cultivo após a germinação, 196 segmentos distais dos hipocótilos por progênie foram inoculados in vitro num Delineamento em Blocos Completos Aleatorizado Generalizado, com duas unidades experimentais por bloco e sete repetições por bloco, usando a interação blocos por progênie como estimadora do erro experimental. Após 14 semanas de cultivo, foram feitas avaliações da regeneração. Houve diferenças significativas de regeneração entre as progênies (P<0,0001) com extremos de regeneração de 11% a 60%. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito entre as médias das unidades experimentais do caráter foi alta (h2m=0,94), indicando que houve um forte controle genético na regeneração in vitro dentro da população. Houve também alta variabilidade dentro da amostra estudada, assim como um forte efeito do progenitor materno sobre a regeneração.The genetic control of in vitro direct regeneration was tested on seedlings of ten open-pollinated progenies from the base population of Atherton origin of Eucalyptus grandis at University of São Paulo (Brazil). Seeds were germinated in vitro, after twenty days, distal hypocotyls segments from 196 seedlings per progeny were inoculated in culture media at Generalized Complete Randomized Block Design, with two experimental units per block and seven repetitions, using the interaction blocks by progenies as an estimate of the experimental error. At week 14 from the inoculation bud induction was evaluated. Regeneration among progenies were significantly different (P<0.0001). Regeneration varied from 11 to 60%. The narrow-sense heritability between means of experimental units for in vitro regeneration was height. (h2m=0.94), indicating a strong genetic control of the trait within the population and also a high maternal effect. High variability within the study sample was found

Propagación vegetativa por injerto de Grevillea robusta Cumm

Grevillea robusta es una especie de rápido crecimiento con características excelentes para uso como madera de calidad, fácil de trabajar en la elaboración de muebles, ebanistería, decoraciones de interior y enchapado. Esta especie tiene un gran potencial para el norte de Argentina. Sin embargo la oferta de semilla mejorada es exigua. Por ello el INTA ha iniciado un programa de mejoramiento genético que prevé la instalación de Huertos Semilleros Clonales conformados por los individuos de mayor ganancia genética de la primera generación de mejoramiento. Actualmente no se dispone de un protocolo de propagación vegetativa, por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un procedimiento de injertación a partir ramas de árboles en edad de selección (5 años). Se probó el injerto de púa y dos métodos de protección (tratamientos) de la copa y unión con el portainjerto para evitar el desecado (parafina y cámara húmeda). Se realizaron 186 injertos, ambos tratamientos se consideraron como dos muestras independientes y fueron analizadas por el test de Chi Cuadrado. No hubieron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p=0,33). De los injertos prendidos, 81% y 75% corresponden a los injertos protegidos con bolsa plástica y parafina respectivamente. Se observó que el tratamiento con parafina, es más simple y rápido de efectuarse. Con el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado un protocolo de propagación por injerto de púa de árboles de Grevillea robusta, el mismo será utilizado para la movilización de los genotipos superiores que integraran los Huertos Semilleros Clonales. Si bien este protocolo fue desarrollado utilizando ramas de árboles en edad juvenil, se ve conveniente un ajuste similar utilizando ramas de árboles de mayor edad.EEA Bella VistaFil: Vera Bravo, Carlos David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Juan Adolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; Argentin

Boletín de precios de productos y servicios forestales - Zona: Centro y Sudoeste de Corrientes (Septiembre 2023)

Los datos e información contenida en este boletín surgen del relevamiento de precios de diferentes aserraderos, prestadores de servicio, viveros productores, plantas de impregnación de la zona centro y sur oeste de la provincia de Corrientes.EEA Bella VistaFil. Bessonart, Sebastián. Provincia de Corrientes. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Zabala, Juan Pablo. Provincia de Corrientes. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca de la Nación. Dirección de Producción Forestal; ArgentinaFil: Genes, Pabla Yolanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Vera Bravo, Carlos David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Zoilo, Oscar José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista. Agencia de Extensión Rural Goya; Argentina

OMA -AMO - Casa de la música de Oporto

La investigación de un “objeto arquitectónico” enlaza con los principios teóricos desde los que en ARKRIT-LAB se entiende la crítica la arquitectura: la obra antes que el autor y su descripción antes que su interpretación. Consecuentemente, se propuso estudiar un edificio relevante y considerado de gran impacto teórico y mediático, entrando primero de manera precisa en su respuesta al medio, al material, a la medida, a la morfología y a la misión -metodo M3- y proponiendo después, entre los investigadores del laboratorio diversas actividades: re exionar de manera abierta sobre las condiciones de su “arquitectura”, experimentar el edi cio, rastrear sus antecedentes e investigar en la materia concreta y en las formas utilizadas; actividades que buscaban nuevas realidades que pudieran mostrar otras visiones. En el laboratorio consideramos que como arquitectos y como críticos, no resulta super uo aprender a ver más, a oír más, a sentir más y a pensar más4. El edificio elegido para el curso 2010-2011 fue la “Casa da Musica” de Oporto, proyecto de OMA-Rem Koolhaas, siendo el texto que se convirtió en referencia para la primera aproximación el titulado “Otra Modernidad” de Rafael Moneo. Texto en el que se describe el proyecto como encarnación de los nuevos atributos de la arquitectura contemporánea5. “Otra Modernidad” entendida desde la Modernidad, como frontera considerada por Antonio Miranda como referente de progreso y faro de toda acción arquitectónica. Modernidad como anhelo de una sociedad nueva más justa

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p &lt; 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Genetic control and histological analysis of in vitro regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis progenies

Com o objetivo de conhecer meios, explantes, tecidos envolvidos e controle genético da regeneração in vitro a partir de plântulas de Eucalyptus grandis, dez progênies de polinização aberta da população base, origem Atherton localizada em Anhembi, estado de São Paulo foram utilizadas. Sementes de sete progênies foram germinadas in vitro. Após vinte dias de cultivo, cotilédones, segmentos proximais e distais dos hipocótilos foram inoculados em nove meios de cultura usando o meio basal de JADS em combinação com dois reguladores de crescimento (ANA e BAP). Após 14 semanas de cultivo, foram feitas avaliações da regeneração e histologia. Células do córtex estavam envolvidos na regeneração dos hipocótilos e as células subepidérmicas originaram calos e estes deram origem a brotos nos cotilédones. Todos os brotos formados tiveram conexão com o sistema vascular do tecido original. Foi verificado que o melhor tratamento, onde 41% dos hipocótilos distais regeneraram, na combinação de ANA e BAP 0,5 mg L-1. Posteriormente, os segmentos distais dos hipocótilos das dez progênies foram inoculados naquele meio, houve diferenças significativas de regeneração entre as progênies (P<0,0001) com extremos de regeneração de 11% a 60% e com uma média de 37%. A herdabilidade quanto ao caráter foi alta (h 2 m =0,94), indicando que houve um forte controle genético na regeneração in vitro dentro da população. Houve também alta variabilidade dentro da amostra estudada assim como um forte efeito materno sobre a regeneração.Aiming at better knowledge on tissue culture media, axplants, tissues involved and genetic control of in vitro regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis from seedlings, seeds from ten open pollinated progenies from the basic population, origin Atherton, located in Anhembi, São Paulo State (BR) were used. Initially, seeds from seven progenies were germinated in vitro. Twenty days after culture, cotyledons and, distal and proximal hypocotyls segments were inoculated in culture media using JADS basic medium with varius NAA + BAP combinations. After 14 weeks of culture, evaluations bud induction, regeneration, and histological analysis were done. Cortex cells were involved in hypocotyls direct regeneration and cotyledon epidermic cells gave rise to callus which in turn produced shoots. All shoots developed had connection to the original vascular system. It was verified that NAA + BAP at 0,5 mgL-1 concentration each was the best treatment, where 41% of the distal hypocotyls regenerated. Distal hypocotyl segments from of seedlings of ten progenies were inoculated showing significant differences regeneration among progenies. Regeneration varied from 11% to 60% with a mean of 37%; the heritability in relation to the character was ( 94 , 0 2 = m h ), indicating that there was a strong genetic control of the in vitro regeneration within the population. Also, there was a high variability within the samples studied as well as a strong maternal effect on the regeneration

Crecimiento y rectitud del fuste de orígenes geográficos de Corymbia spp. en la Mesopotamia argentina

En los últimos años Corymbia spp. y sus híbridos comenzaron a revalorarse como un género importante para la obtención de madera de calidad para usos sólidos de alto valor en diferentes regiones del mundo. Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento de materiales cosechados en el área de distribución natural de Corymbia citriodora subsp. citriodora (CCC), Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (CCV) y Corymbia maculata (CM), al 9.º año de edad se evaluó el crecimiento en diámetro, altura, volumen y rectitud del fuste de 22 orígenes pertenecientes a dichas entidades en tres sitios de la Mesopotamia argentina. El análisis a nivel de sitios individuales mostró que CCV fue el taxón más promisorio. En dos de los sitios evaluados CCV superó en volumen y rectitud del fuste a las otras entidades y en el tercer sitio tuvo un crecimiento levemente inferior a CM, aunque sin diferencias estadísticas significativas. El análisis conjunto a nivel de orígenes dentro de taxones reveló baja interacción a través de los sitios ya que la correlación genética fue alta tanto para el volumen como para la rectitud del fuste (rgB= 0,77 y 0,99 respectivamente). Dada la existencia de muy buenos ejemplares dentro de los orígenes de CCV, se seleccionaron 30 ejemplares sobresalientes en volumen a través de los tres sitios. Estos individuos luego de movilizados y propagados vía injerto, conformarán el primer Huerto Semillero Clonal de CCV en Argentina. Se prevé que la ganancia genética de dicho huerto será aproximadamente del 17% en relación con el volumen promedio de todos los individuos evaluados de CCV

Ajuste de un protocolo de injertación de Corymbia citriodora subespecie variegata = Improving a grafting protocol for Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata

La propagación vegetativa por injerto, sobre todo en especies forestales de difícil capacidad de enraizamiento, es una herramienta que permite la clonación de árboles adultos selectos para el establecimiento de Huertos Semilleros Clonales (HSC), Huertos de Conservación ex situ y de genotipos selectos para la realización de cruzamientos controlados. Para el caso del género Eucalyptus el injerto de púa es el más utilizado. Los porcentajes de prendimiento son variables sobre todo si los materiales a ser injertados provienen de árboles adultos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la mejor época para injertar ramas de copas de árboles seleccionados genéticamente de Corymbia citriodora subesp. variegata y con los rametos obtenidos, implantar un Huerto Semillero Clonal. Los resultados indicaron que la época más propicia para injertar es el otoño cuando las temperaturas durante el día, en promedio, son inferiores a 14 ºC. De un total de 627 injertos realizados a partir de 16 árboles selectos de la población base de Mejoramiento que posee el INTA, el porcentaje de prendimiento varió entre 14 % y 54 % con un promedio de 34 %. Los rametos de los árboles injertados fueron implantados en la primavera de 2013 para conformar el primer Huerto Semillero Clonal.Vegetative propagation of forest trees by grafting is a tool that enables to clone adult selected trees, particularly for those difficult to root species. Grafting in this case is used for the establishment of clonal seed orchards; ex situconservation orchards and controlled breeding of selected trees. For the Genus Eucalyptus, cleft grafting is the most used. The percentage of graft arrest is variable, particularly if the graft scion derived from adult trees. The present work aim to identify the best time of the year to graft branches of the top of trees genetically selected of Corymbia citriodorasubsp. variegate (CCV)and with the ramets obtained, to install a clonal seed orchard. The results show that the best time for grafting is fall, when the average temperatures during the day are less than 14º C. The percentage of grating success varies from 14 to 54 % with an average of 34 % from a total of 627 grafts made with 16 selected trees of the base population of improve plants of INTA CCV. The ramets of the grafted trees were planted during the spring of 2013 to implement the clonal seed orchard.Bella VistaFil: Vera Bravo, Carlos David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; ArgentinaFil: Lopez, Juan Adolfo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bella Vista; Argentin